The Pantanal is the world's largest area of wetlands, a flat landscape, with gently sloping and meandering rivers. The region, whose name derives from the Portuguese word "pāntano" (meaning "swamp" or "marsh"). In total, the Pantanal covers about 195,000 square kilometers (75,000 sq mi). The Pantanal floods during the wet season, submerging over 80% of the area, and nurturing the world's richest collection of aquatic plants. It is thought to be the world's most dense flora and fauna ecosystem. It is often overshadowed by the Amazon Rainforest, partly because of its proximity, but is just as vital and interesting. The ecosystem is home to a known 3,500 species of plants, as well as over 1000 birds, 400 species of fish, around 300 species of mammals, and 480 species of reptiles, including the caiman, a species closely related to the alligator, of which there are an estimated 10 million. The Pantanal is a natural home for the Hyacinth Macaw. Other threatened species abundant in the Pantanal include the Jaguar, Caiman, Maned Wolf, Bush Dog, Giant Otter, Giant Armadillo, Capybara, Jabiru and Brazilian Tapir. Because of the enourmous size of the Pantanal area, we divided it into two sub-areas named "Pantanal North: with its center in the city of Cuiaba, and the "Pantanal South", best reached through the city of Campo Grande, gateway to the famous Cayman Eco resort as well as to the city of Bonito, known for its lagoons and clear water cave diving.
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